Lesson 4  The double life Alfred Bloggs 艾尔弗雷德·布洛格斯的双重生活

double[5dQbl]n.两倍, [计] 双精度型adj.两倍的, 双重的vt.使加倍vi.加倍, 快步走, 加倍努力

联想记忆：

trouble[5trQbl]n.烦恼, 麻烦, 动乱, 纠纷, 疾病, 故障, 问题vt.(使)烦恼, 麻烦, 打扰, 麻烦自己, 费神, 费心

Alfred[5Alfrid]n.阿尔佛雷德(男子名)

These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. 

如今，从事体力劳动的人的收入一般要比坐办公室的人高出许多。

These days 是句首状语

people who do manual work 从事体力劳动的。在这里作主语，其中who do manual work是一个定语从句，修饰people。

often 是句中状语

manual work 体力劳动

manual[5mAnjuEl]n.手册, 指南adj.手的, 手动的, 手工的, 体力的, 手册(性质)的, [律]实际占有的

manu- 表示“用手做”之义

联想记忆：

manufacture[7mAnju5fAktFE]vt.制造, 加工n.制造, 制造业, 产品

facture[5fAktFE]n.制作, 制作法, (常指表面加工, 如画面上的加工等)

fact[fAkt]n.事实, 实际, 实情, 真相, (犯罪)行为, 论据

receive作谓语

receive[ri5si:v]vt.收到, 接到, 接收, 遭到, 受到, 接待, 接见

far more money 作宾语，在more… than结构中，far修饰比较级表示不定度量，常见的其它修饰词还有a little, a bit, much, a lot，表示不同的程度。如：

The sun is much bigger than the earth.

I feel a little better today.

than people who work in offices作比较状语，其中who work in offices是一个定语从句，修饰people。

我们可能通过这个句子学习比较级。

People who work in offices are frequently referred to as 'white-collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. 

坐办公室的之所以常常被称作“白领工人”，就是因为他们通常是穿着硬领白衬衫，系着领带去上班。

be referred to as 相当于be called，而refer to 意为“提及，谈到”

'white-collar workers' 脑力劳动者或白领工作者，在这里作主语的补语

体力劳动者则称为：blue-collar workers。

refer to  v.查阅, 提到, 谈到, 打听

refer[ri5fE:]vt.提交, 谈及

联想：

defer[di5fE:]vi.推迟, 延期, 听从, 服从vt.使推迟, 使延期

for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.  作原因状语

其中that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work 是名词reason的同位语从句

reason[5ri:zn]n.理由

联想记忆：

season[5si:zn]n.季, 季节

frequently[5fri:kwEntlI]adv.常常, 频繁地n.经常地

frequent[5fri:kwEnt]adj.时常发生的, 频繁的

wear[wiE，weE]vt.穿, 戴v.(～ out) 磨损, 用旧, (～ out) 穿着

wear a collar and tie 表示“穿西装打领带”

collar[5kClE]n. 领口，抓住...的领口

联想记忆：

dollar[5dClE]n.元, 美元

sollar[5sClE][采矿]竖井梯子间平台[建]敞亮阁楼间, 敞亮顶楼层

tie[tai]n.领带

Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 

许多人常常情愿放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊荣，此乃人之常情。 

such在这里作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。

human nature  n.人性, 人情

a great many  adj.很多

be willing to  乐于

sacrifice[5sAkrifais]n.牺牲, 献身, 祭品, 供奉v.牺牲, 献出, 献祭, 供奉

privilege[5privilidV]n.特权, 特别待遇, 基本公民权力, 特免vt.给与...特权, 特免

that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers在这里是一个主语从句，这本来是一个主语从句作主语的句子，由于从句较长，故移至句尾，句首的such是形式主语。复习一下第一课的最后一句，那里是用不定式短做主语时把其移到句尾，并在句首用It做形式主语。

a great many people 作主语

are often willing to sacrifice作谓语，其中often是句中状语

higher pay 作宾语

pay[pei]n.薪水, 工资v.支付, 交纳, 给予, 有利, 值得, 合算

联想记忆：

pay phone  n. 投币式公用电话

for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers 作状语，其中becoming white-collar workers是一个-ing短语。

This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation. 

而这常常会引起种种奇怪的现象，在埃尔斯米尔公司当清洁工的艾尔弗雷德.布洛斯就是一个例子。 

这是一个由as连接的并列句：

This can give rise to curious situations,

as

it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.

can give rise to 引起或导致某事

curious[5kjuEriEs]adj.好奇的, 求知的, 古怪的, 爱挑剔的

situation[7sitju5eiFEn]n.情形, 境遇, (建筑物等的)位置

-ation, -ition, -tion, ion名词性后缀

联想记忆：

situate[5sitjueit]vt.使位于, 使处于

in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation作状语，其中who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation是一个定语从句

in the case of  adv.在...的情况

corporation[7kC:pE5reiFEn]n.[律]社团, 法人, 公司, 企业, <美>有限公司, (市, 镇的)自治机关, <口>大肚皮

When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.

艾尔弗结婚时，感到非常难为情，而没有将自己的职业告诉妻子。

get married 结婚，这一词组比marry常用, 但在语体上偏于非正式

embarrass[im5bArEs]vt.使困窘, 使局促不安, 阻碍, 麻烦

embar  v. 囚禁, 阻遏

too… to太……而不能， 中间加形容词或副词，这一结构中的不定式在句中作状语，表结果。如：

He was too tired to go on his work.  他太累了以致于不能继续工作

He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. 

他只说在埃尔斯米尔公司上班。

simply[5simpli]adv.简单地, 完全, 简直, 仅仅, 只不过, 朴素地, 只是

that he worked for the Corporation 是宾语从句

Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. 

每天早晨，他穿上一身漂亮的黑色西装离家上班， 

left在这里是leave的过去式

left[left]adj.左边的, 左倾的, 左侧的, 左派的, 左翼的adv.在左面n.左, 左边, 左派vbl.leave的过去式和过去分词

dressed in a smart black suit为过去分词短语，作主语补语，补充说明他离家的穿戴情况

He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.

然后换上工作服，当8个小时清洁工。 

change (into) 换衣服

overall[5EuvErC:l]n. 工作服 adj.全部的, 全面的

spent 是spend的过去式和过去分词

spend[spend]v.花费, 消耗, 用尽vt.度过, 消磨

as a dustman作主语补语

Before returning home at night, He took a shower and changed back into his suit. 

晚上回家前，他洗个淋浴，重新换上那身黑色西服。

take a shower 洗澡

before returning home at night 是现在分词短语作状语

Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. 

两年多以来，艾尔弗一直这样，他的同事也为他保守秘密。

这是一个并列句：

Alf did this for over two years

and

his fellow dustmen kept his secret.

fellow[5felEJ]n.人, 家伙, 伙伴, 学会特别会员, 朋友, 同事adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的

kept[kept]vbl.keep的过去式和过去分词adj.受人资助控制的

secret[5si:krit]n.秘密, 秘诀, 奥秘

Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job.

艾尔弗的妻子一直不知道她嫁给了一个清洁工，而且她永远也不会知道了，因为艾尔弗已找到薪职，

这是一个并列句：

Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman

and

she never will, for Alf has just found another job.

其中：

that she married a dustman是一个宾语从句

for Alf has just found another job是状语从句

He will soon be working in an office. 

不久就要坐办公室里工作了。

He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. 

他将来挣的钱只有他现在的一半。不过他觉得，地位升高了，损失点儿钱也值得。

这是一个并列句：

He will be earning only half as much as he used to,

but

he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money.

as much as 引导的比较状语从句，意为“和……一样多”

used to do(过去常常)， 后省略了动词earn

that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money.是一个宾语从句

status 地位

worth  adj. 值得的, 有某种价值，其用法为：be worth sth. / doing sth.

his rise in status 作主语

worth the loss of money 作表语

From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf'. 

从此，艾尔弗可以一天到晚穿西服了。别人将称呼他为“布洛格斯先生”，而不再叫他“艾尔弗”了。

from now on adv.从现在开始